S.Aishwariya inokurukura kusvetuka kwematekinoroji machira, ichangoburwa hunyanzvi uye kukura kwavo kwemusika mukana mumunda wefashoni uye zvipfeko.
Rwendo RweTextile Fibers
1. Yekutanga-yechizvarwa machira machira aive ayo akatengwa zvakananga kubva kune zvakasikwa uye iyo nguva yakagara kwemakore 4,000.Chizvarwa chechipiri chaive neshinda dzakagadzirwa nevanhu senaironi nepolyester, izvo zvakakonzeresa kuedza kwakatorwa nevemakemikari muna 1950, kushanduka nemidziyo yakafanana neshinda dzechisikigo.Chizvarwa chechitatu chinosanganisira mafiibhi kubva pasi-pasi-kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa kuti zvizadzise zvido zvehuwandu hunoramba huchikura.Aya haasiriwo mamwe maitiro kana kuwedzera kune aripo echisikigo fiber, asi anotenda kuti ane akasiyana maitiro anogona kubatsira munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushandisa.Nekuda kwekuchinja kweindasitiri yezvipfeko, iyo tekinoroji yezvipfeko chikamu chiri kukura muhupfumi hwakasimukira nekushandisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana.
2. Munguva yezera remaindasitiri kubva 1775 kusvika 1850, kugadzirwa kwefiber kwechisikigo uye kugadzirwa kwaive pakakwirira.Nguva iri pakati pe1870 na1980 yakaratidza epitome ye synthetic fiber exploration pakuguma kwayo izwi rekuti 'technical textiles' rakagadzirwa.Mushure memakore gumi, humwe hutsva, hunosanganisira zvinhu zvinochinjika, zvimiro zvakareruka-huremu, kuumbwa kwe3D, kwakavapo mumunda wemachira akangwara.Zana ramakore rechimakumi maviri rinoratidza zera reruzivo apo masutu emuchadenga, marobhoti, machira ekuzvichenesa, mapaneru electroluminescence, machira echameleonic, zvipfeko zvekutarisa muviri zvinobudirira kutengeserana.
3. Synthetic polymers ane hukuru hukuru uye mashandiro akawanda anogona kukunda shinda dzechisikigo.Semuenzaniso, bio-polymers inotorwa kubva muchibage yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira high-tech fibers ine hunyanzvi hwekuita nekushandiswa mune biodegradable uye flushable diapers.Unyanzvi hwepamusoro hwakadai hwakaita kuti fiber dzivepo dzinonyungudika mumvura, nokudaro dzichideredza kuraswa mupombi dzehutsanana.Iwo compostable pads akagadzirwa kuitira kuti ayo ave ne100 per cent bio-degradable natural materials mavari.Tsvagiridzo idzi dzakanyatsovandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu.
Tsvakurudzo Yazvino
Machira akajairwa akarukwa kana akarukwa zvinhu izvo kushandiswa kunoenderana nemhedzisiro yebvunzo.Kusiyana neizvi, machira ehunyanzvi anogadzirwa zvichibva pakushandiswa kwemushandisi.Zvishandiso zvavo zvinosanganisira masutu emuchadenga, itsvo nemoyo, mbatya dzevarimi dzinouraya zvipembenene, kugadzira migwagwa, mabhegi ekudzivirira kudyiwa nemichero neshiri uye zvekurongedzerwa zvine mutsindo zvinodzinga mvura.
Mapazi akasiyana emachira ehunyanzvi anosanganisira zvipfeko, kurongedza, mitambo nekuzorora, zvekufambisa, zvekurapa nehutsanana, maindasitiri, zvisingaonekwe, oeko-machira, imba, chengetedzo nekudzivirira, kuvaka nekuvaka, geo-machira uye agro-machira.
Tichienzanisa maitiro ekushandisa pamwe nenyika dzese, India ine chikamu chemakumi matatu neshanu muzana mumachira ekushandisa muhembe neshangu (clothtech), 21 muzana mumachira ekurongedza maapplication (packtech), uye 8 muzana mumitambo. micheka (sportech).Vamwe vose vanoita 36 muzana.Asi pasi rose chikamu chinotungamira machira anoshandiswa mukuvaka mota, njanji, ngarava, ndege uye spacecraft (mobiltech), inova chikamu makumi maviri neshanu muzana chemusika wemachira wepamusoro, uchiteverwa nemachira emaindasitiri (indutech) pagumi nematanhatu uye sportech. pazvikamu gumi nezvishanu kubva muzana, nedzimwe minda yose iine zvikamu makumi mana nezvina kubva muzana.Zvigadzirwa zvinogona kukwidziridza indasitiri zvinosanganisira webhuku mabhandi ezvigaro, manapukeni uye zvinoraswa, geotextiles, machira anodzora moto, zvipfeko zvekudzivirira zvebhora, mafirita, asiri-kurukwa, hoardings uye zviratidzo.
Simba guru reIndia ndiro guru rekushandisa network uye musika wakasimba wepamba.Indasitiri yezvigadzirwa zvemachira yeIndia yamuka kusvika pakukwanisa kukuru kwezvikamu zvehunyanzvi uye zvisina kurukwa.Rutsigiro rwakasimba rwehurumende kuburikidza nemirau, kuunzwa kwemitemo yakakodzera uye kuvandudzwa kwemiedzo yakakodzera uye zviyero zvinogona kuita zvakanaka mukukura kweindasitiri iyi.Chinonyanya kudiwa paawa iyi ndechokuti vamwe vashandi vakadzidziswa.Panofanira kuve nehurongwa hwakawanda hwekudzidzisa vashandi uye kutanga nzvimbo dzekukuchidzira dzekuedza-kune-nyika.
Mipiro yakakosha yemasangano ekutsvagisa munyika inorumbidzwa zvikuru.Vanosanganisira Ahmedabad Textile Industry Research Association (ATIRA), Bombay Textile Research Association (BTRA), South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), Northern India Textile Research Association (NITRA), Wool Research Association (WRA), iyo. Synthetic & Art Silk Mills' Research Association (SASMIRA) uye Man-made Textile Research Association (MANTRA).Mapaki makumi matatu nenhatu akasanganiswa emachira, anosanganisira mashanu muTamil Nadu, mana muAndhra Pradesh, mashanu muKarnataka, matanhatu muMaharashtra, matanhatu muGujarat, maviri muRajasthan, uye imwe neimwe muUttar Pradesh neWest Bengal, anofanirwa kushanda pamwe chete kuunza. yose yekugovera cheni pasi pedenga rimwe.4,5
Geo-Textiles
Machira anoshandiswa kuvhara pasi kana pasi akaiswa mumapoka se geotextiles.Micheka yakadaro inoshandiswa nhasi pakuvaka dzimba, mabhiriji, madhamu uye zviyeuchidzo zvinowedzera hupenyu hwavo.[6]
Cool Fabrics
Micheka yehunyanzvi yakagadzirwa neAdidas inobatsira mukuchengetedza kudziya kwemuviri kwakajairwa pa37 degrees C. Mienzaniso ine mavara akafanana neClima 365, Climaproof, Climalite inoshanda chinangwa ichi.Elextex ine lamination yezvikamu zvishanu zvekuitisa uye insulating machira achigadzira ese machira ekubata sensor (1 cm2 kana 1 mm2).Inosimbiswa neBureau of Indian Standards (BIS) uye inogona kusonewa, kupetwa nekugezwa.Izvi zvine chiyero chikuru mumachira emitambo.
Biomimetics
Biomimetics dhizaini yezvigadzirwa zvitsva zvefiber, masisitimu kana michina kuburikidza nekudzidza kwemasisitimu ehupenyu, kudzidza kubva kune avo epamusoro-mwero maitiro ekushanda uye kushandisa iwo kune mamorekuru uye dhizaini.Semuenzaniso, kutevedzera maitiro eshizha relotus nemadonhwe emvura;Kumusoro kwakakwasharara zvisingaite uye kwakafukidzwa nenamo yakaita sechinhu chine kusimba kwepasi.
Kana mvura ikawira pamusoro peshizha, mhepo yakavharirwa inoumba muganhu nemvura.Makona emvura akakura nekuda kwewakisi yakaita sechinhu.Nekudaro, zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semupendero wepamusoro zvinokanganisawo repellence.Chiyero chekudzingisa mvura ndechekuti kona yekutenderedza inofanira kunge iri pasi pegumi.Iyi pfungwa inotorwa uye inogadzirwazve semucheka.Izvo zvinogoneka zvinogona kuderedza kushanda nesimba mumitambo sekushambira.
Vivometrics
Iwo emagetsi akasanganiswa mumachira anogona kuverenga mamiriro emuviri senge kurova kwemoyo, BP, macalorie akapiswa, nguva yemakumbo, matanho akatorwa uye mazinga eokisijeni.Iri ndiro zano riri kuseri kweVivometrics, inonziwo hembe dzekutarisa muviri (BMG).Inogona kuchengetedza hupenyu hweachangozvarwa kana wemutambi.
Iyo brand Upenyu yakakunda musika neiyo inoshanda muviri yekutarisa vest.Inoshanda semachira amburenzi mukuongorora nekuchinja kuti ubatsirwe.Ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana rwe cardio-pulmonary runounganidzwa zvichienderana nebasa remwoyo, chimiro, zvinyorwa zvebasa pamwe chete neropa, oksijeni uye carbon dioxide mazinga, kupisa kwemuviri uye kufamba.Inoshanda sechinhu chikuru chitsva mumunda wemitambo uye machira ekurapa.
Camouflage Textiles
Iko-inoshandura ruvara pamusoro pechameleon inoonekwa uye inogadzirwazve mumucheka wemucheka.Machira ekuvharisa anobata nekuvanda kwezvinhu uye vanhu nekutevedzera nharaunda akaunzwa mukati meHondo Yenyika II.Iyi nzira inoshandisa mafiibhi anobatsira mukubatanidza nekumashure, chimwe chinhu chinogona kuratidza kumashure segirazi uye zvakare kusimba kunge kabhoni.
Aya mafibhi anoshandiswa pamwe chete nedonje nepolyester kugadzira machira ekuvharisa.Pakutanga mapatani maviri chete ane ruvara uye pateni zvakagadzirirwa kuti zvifanane nechiitiko chesango gobvu rine mimvuri yegirinhi nebrown.Asi ikozvino, misiyano minomwe yakagadzirirwa nekushanda kuri nani uye kunyengera.Inosanganisira nzvimbo, kufamba, pamusoro, chimiro, kupenya, silhouette uye mumvuri.Iwo ma parameter akakosha pakuona munhu ari kure.Kuongororwa kwemachira ekuvharisa kwakaoma sezvo achisiyana nechiedza chezuva, mwando uye mwaka.Saka vanhu vane hupofu hwemavara vanoshandirwa kuona kuvharika kwekuona.Subjective analysis, quantitative analysis uye rubatsiro rwemagetsi emidziyo inotorwa kuti iongorore zvinhu.
Micheka Yekuunza Zvinodhaka
Kufambira mberi muindasitiri yehutano ikozvino kusanganisa machira nemishonga.
Zvigadzirwa zvemachira zvinogona kushandiswa kusimudzira kushanda kwemishonga nekupa nzira yekudzora kuburitswa kwemishonga kwenguva yakamira uye nekuendesa huwandu hwemishonga kune matishu anonangwa pasina mhedzisiro yakaipa.Semuenzaniso, Ortho Evra transdermal contraceptive chigamba chevakadzi chakareba masendimita makumi maviri, chine mitsara mitatu uye inotenderwa neUS Food and Drug Administration.
Kushandisa Gasi kana Plasma Kupedzisa Textile
Maitiro acho akatanga muna 1960, apo plasma yakashandiswa kushandura jira repamusoro.Ichi chikamu chechinhu chakasiyana kubva kune zvinyoro, zvinwiwa uye magasi uye haina kwayakarerekera pamagetsi.Aya ndiwo magasi ane ionized akaumbwa nemaerekitironi, maion uye zvimedu zvisina kwazvakarerekera.Plasma igasi rakaiswa ioni rakagadzirwa nemhando dzisina kwazvakarerekera senge maatomu anofara, maredhiyori emahara, meta yakagadzikana zvimedu uye mhando dzakachajiwa (maerekitironi nemaoni).Kune marudzi maviri eplasma: vacuum-based uye atmospheric pressure-based.Pamusoro pemucheka unoiswa pasi pe electron bombardment, inogadzirwa mumunda wemagetsi weplasma.Maerekitironi anorova pamusoro nekugovera kwakakura kwesimba uye kumhanya uye izvi zvinotungamira kune cheni chikamu chepamusoro chepamusoro pejira remachira, kugadzira muchinjiko wekubatanidza nekudaro kusimbisa izvo zvinhu.
Kurapa kwePlasma kunotungamira kune etching kana kuchenesa mhedzisiro pajira rejira.Iyo etching inowedzera huwandu hwenzvimbo yepamusoro iyo inogadzira zvirinani kunamatira kwemajasi.Plasma inokanganisa chinangwa uye yakanyatso hunhu.Inogona kushandiswa mumicheka yesirika isingakonzere shanduko muchimiro chechimiro chechinangwa.MaAramidhi akaita seKevlar, ayo anopera simba kana anyorova, anogona kurapwa zvinobudirira neplasma kupfuura nemitoo yakajairika.Mumwe anogonawo kupa pfuma yakasiyana kune rumwe rutivi rwejira.Rimwe divi rinogona kuva hydrophobic uye rimwe hydrophilic.Kurapwa kwePlasma kunoshanda kune ese ari maviri ekugadzira uye echisikigo fibers ane kunyanya budiriro mu-anti-felting uye kuderera kuramba kwemvere.
Kusiyana nekugadzirwa kwemakemikari echinyakare kunoda matanho akati wandei ekushandisa magumo akasiyana, plasma inobvumira kushandiswa kweakawanda kupedzisa kupedzisa munhanho imwe uye mukuenderera mberi.Woolmark ine patented tekinoroji yekuona tekinoroji (SPT) iyo inowedzera kunhuhwirira kumachira.Kambani yeUS NanoHorizons 'SmartSilver tekinoroji inotungamira mukupa anti-kunhuhwirira uye anti-microbial dziviriro kumasikirwo uye ekugadzira fiber nemachira.Varwere vechirwere chemoyo kuMadokero vari kutonhodzwa mutende rinofema panguva yekuvhiyiwa kuti vaderedze njodzi yesitiroko nekudzikisa tembiricha yemuviri.Bhandi idzva rechisikigo rakagadzirwa pachishandiswa plasma protein fibrinogen.Sezvo yakagadzirwa kubva muropa revanhu, bhandeji harifaniri kubviswa.Inonyungudika muganda panguva yekupora.15
Sensory Perception Technology (SPT)
Iyi tekinoroji inotora zvinonhuhwirira, essences uye zvimwe zvinokonzeresa mumamicro-capsules anonamirwa pamachira.Aya madiki-capsules midziyo midiki ine inodzivirira yepolymer coating kana melamine shell inochengetedza zviri mukati kubva mukubuda, oxidation uye kusvibiswa.Kana machira aya akashandiswa, mamwe emakapisi aya anovhurika, achiburitsa zviri mukati.
Microencapsulation
Iri nyore maitiro anosanganisira encapsulating mvura kana yakasimba zvinhu zvakavharwa madiki madiki (0.5-2,000 microns).Aya ma microcapsules zvishoma nezvishoma anoburitsa mashandiro anoshanda nekureruka kwemagetsi kukwesha izvo zvinotsemura membrane.Aya anoshandiswa mu deodorants, lotions, dhayi, machira ekupfavisa uye zvinodzoreredza moto.
Electronic Textiles
Zvokupfeka zvemagetsi zvakadai sebhachi reICD rinobva kuPhilips naLevi, rine nharembozha yaro yakavakirwa mukati uye MP3 player, inomhanya nemabhatiri.Chipfeko chakamisikidzwa nehunyanzvi hachisati chiri chitsva, asi kuenderera mberi kwekuenderera mberi mumachira akangwara kunoita kuti zvive nyore, zvinodikanwa uye zvinoshanda mukushandisa.Waya dzakasonerwa mujira kuti dzibatanidze midziyo kune remote control uye maikorofoni inoiswa mucollar.Vamwe vagadziri vakawanda vakazogadzira micheka yakangwara inovanza waya dzese.
Hembe yedaro refu yaive imwezve yakareruka innovation inonakidza.Iyi e-textile pfungwa inoshanda nenzira yekuti kana munhu akazvimbundira t-shirt inopenya.Yakaratidzwa seimwe yezvakagadzirwa zvinonakidza muna 2006. Inopa muchengeti kunzwa kwekumbundirwa.
Kana hug inotumirwa semeseji kana kuburikidza nebluetooth, ma sensors anoitambira nekugadzira kudziya, kurova kwemoyo, kudzvanywa, nguva yekumbundira nemunhu chaiye chaiye.Iyi shati zvakare inowachwa izvo zvinoita kuti zvinyanye kutya kufuratira.Chimwe chigadzirwa, Elextex ine lamination yezvikamu zvishanu zvekuitisa uye zvekudzivirira machira kugadzira ese machira ekubata sensor (1 cm2 kana 1 mm2).Inogona kusonewa, kupetwa nekugezwa.19-24 Zvose izvi zvinotibatsira kunzwisisa nzira iyo magetsi nemucheka zvinogona kubatanidzwa kuti hupenyu huve nani.
Ichi chinyorwa hachina kugadziridzwa nevashandi veXiangYu Garment chakataurwa kubva https://www.technicaltextile.net/articles/tech-textile-innovations-8356
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-11-2022