Mushure memakore anoda kusvika maviri enhaurirano, Paramende yeEuropean yakabvumidza zviri pamutemo EU Carbon Border Regulation Mechanism (CBAM) mushure mekuvhota.Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutero wekutanga wepasi rose wekupinza kabhoni wave kuda kuitwa, uye bhiri reCBAM richatanga kushanda muna 2026.
China ichatarisana nechikamu chitsva chekuchengetedza kutengeserana
Nekuda kwedambudziko remari pasi rose, pave nechikamu chitsva chekuchengetedza kutengeserana, uye China, semutengesi mukuru wepasi rose, yakakanganiswa zvakanyanya.
Kana nyika dzeEurope neAmerica dzikakwereta mamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze uye dzikamisa "carbon tariffs", China ichatarisana nehutsva hwekuchengetedza kutengeserana.Nekuda kwekushaikwa kweiyo yakabatana kabhoni emission standard pasi rese, kana nyika dzakaita seEurope neAmerica dzikatemesa "carbon tariffs" uye kuita kabhoni zviyero zviri mukuda kwadzo, dzimwe nyika dzinogona zvakare kumanikidza "carbon tariffs" zvichienderana neyadzo miyero. izvo zvichange zvisingadzivisiki kutanga hondo yekutengeserana.
Zvigadzirwa zveChina zvepamusoro-simba zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvichave musoro we "carbon tariffs"
Parizvino, nyika dziri kuda kuisa "carbon tariffs" inyika dzakasimukira dzakaita seEurope neAmerica, uye kutengeswa kweChina kuEurope neAmerica hakuna kungowanda muhuwandu, asiwo kwakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zvinopedza simba.
Muna 2008, kutengesa kunze kwenyika kweChina kuUnited States neEuropean Union kwainyanya kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi nemagetsi, fenicha, matoyi, machira, uye zvigadzirwa, pamwe nekutengesa kunze kwenyika kwe225.45 bhiriyoni ne243.1 bhiriyoni, zvichiteerana, zvichiverengera 66.8% uye 67.3% ye Zvose zvinotengeswa neChina kuUnited States neEuropean Union.
Izvi zvigadzirwa zvekunze zvinonyanya kushandisa simba rakawanda, yakakwira kabhoni yemukati, uye yakaderera-yakawedzerwa zvigadzirwa, izvo zviri nyore pasi pe "carbon tariffs".Zvinoenderana neshumo yekutsvagisa kubva kuWorld Bank, kana "carbon tariff" ikaitwa zvizere, kugadzira kweChinese kunogona kutarisana neavhareji mutero we26% mumusika wepasirese, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwemitengo yemabhizinesi akatarisana nekunze uye kuderera kwe21%. muhuwandu hwekutumira kunze.
Ko kabhoni tariffs ine chekuita neindasitiri yemachira?
Carbon tariffs inovhara kunze kwenyika simbi, aluminium, simende, fetereza, magetsi, uye haidrojeni, uye maitiro avo pamaindasitiri akasiyana haagone kuitwa.Iyo indasitiri yemachira haina kukanganiswa zvakananga nekabhoni tariffs.
Saka kabhoni tariffs inosvika kune machira mune ramangwana?
Izvi zvinofanirwa kutariswa kubva pakuona kwepolicy yekabhoni tariffs.Chikonzero chekushandisa kabhoni tariffs muEuropean Union kudzivirira "carbon leakage" - zvichireva makambani eEU ari kuendesa kugadzirwa kune dzimwe nyika dzine matanho ekuderedza emission (kureva kutamiswa kwemaindasitiri) kuitira kudzivirira mutengo wakakwira wekuburitsa kabhoni mukati meEU.Saka pamusimboti, kabhoni tariffs inongotarisa kumaindasitiri ane njodzi ye "carbon leakage", ayo ari "ane simba rakawanda uye kutengeserana pachena (EITE)".
Nezve maindasitiri ari panjodzi ye "carbon leakage", European Commission ine rondedzero yepamutemo iyo parizvino inosanganisira makumi matanhatu nenhatu zviitiko zvehupfumi kana zvigadzirwa, zvinosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu zvine chekuita nemachira: "Kugadzirira uye kuruka kwemachira machira", "Kugadzira zvisiri izvo- machira akarukwa nezvinhu zvawo, tisingasanganisire zvipfeko”, “Kugadzira shinda dzakagadzirwa nevanhu”, uye “Textile fabric finishing”.
Pakazara, zvichienzaniswa nemaindasitiri akadai sesimbi, simende, ceramics, uye kuchenesa oiri, machira haisi indasitiri yakakwira yekuburitsa.Kunyangwe huwandu hwemitengo yekabhoni huchiwedzera mune ramangwana, zvinongokanganisa mafiber nemachira, uye zvinonyanya kuve zvakaverengerwa kuseri kwemaindasitiri akadai sekuchenesa oiri, ceramics, uye kugadzira mapepa.
Zvirinani mumakore mashoma ekutanga kusati kwaitwa kabhoni tariffs, iyo indasitiri yemachira haizokanganiswe zvakananga.Nekudaro, izvi hazvireve kuti kutengeswa kunze kwenyika hakuzosangana nezvipingamupinyi zvakasvibirira kubva kuEuropean Union.Matanho akasiyana-siyana ari kuvandudzwa neEU pasi pechirongwa chebumbiro remitemo ye“Circular Economy Action Plan”, kunyanya “Sustainable and Circular Textile Strategy”, inofanirwa kutariswa neindasitiri yemachira.Zvinoratidza kuti mune ramangwana, machira anopinda mumusika weEU anofanirwa kuyambuka "girinhi".
Nguva yekutumira: May-16-2023