IEuropean Union ndiyo imwe yemisika yakakosha kunze kwenyika yeindasitiri yemachira yekuChina.Huwandu hwemachira eChina nembatya zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuEU kuindasitiri yese hwakasvika pakakwirira ne21.6% muna 2009, ichipfuura United States pachiyero.Mushure mezvo, chikamu cheEU muChina machira uye zvipfeko kunze kwenyika chakaderera zvishoma nezvishoma, kusvika chapfuura neASEAN muna 2021, uye chikamu chakaderera kusvika ku14.4% muna 2022. European Union yakaramba ichidzikira.Zvinoenderana nedata retsika dzeChinese, kutengeswa kwembatya nembatya neChina kuEU kubva muna Ndira kusvika Kubvumbi kwakasvika mabhiriyoni gumi nemazana manomwe emadhora ekuAmerica, kuderera kwegore negore ne20.5%, uye chikamu chekutengeswa kunze kwenyika kuindasitiri yese chakadzikira kusvika 11.5%. .
Iyo UK yaimbova chikamu chakakosha chemusika weEU uye yakapedzwa zviri pamutemo Brexit pakupera kwa2020. Mushure meBrexit's Brexit, machira ese eEU uye zvipfeko zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvaderera neinosvika 15%.Muna 2022, machira eChina uye zvipfeko zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuUK zvakasvika mabhiriyoni 7.63 emadhora.Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Kubvumbi 2023, kutengeswa kwembatya nembatya kuChina kuUK kwakasvika mabhiriyoni 1.82 emadhora ekuAmerica, kuderera kwegore negore ne13.4%.
Kubva gore rino, kutengesa kunze kweChina indasitiri yemachira kuEU uye musika weChirungu Market kwadzikira, izvo zvine hukama nemaitiro ehupfumi uye maitiro ekutenga kwekunze.
Ongororo yeKushandiswa Kwenzvimbo
Mari yemubereko yakasimudzwa kakawanda, zvichiwedzera kushaya simba kwehupfumi, zvichikonzera kusakura kwemari yemunhu uye kusagadzikana kwevatengi.
Kubva 2023, European Central Bank yakasimudza mhindu katatu, uye chiyero chemubereko chakawedzera kubva pa3% kusvika 3.75%, yakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura Zero mubereko mutemo pakati pe2022;Bhanga reEngland rakakwidzawo mubereko kaviri gore rino, nebenchmark mubereko uchikwira kusvika pa4.5%, vese vachisvika padanho repamusoro kubva padambudziko remari repasi rose ra2008.Kuwedzera kwemari yemubereko kunowedzera mari yekukwereta, ichimanikidza kudzoreredzwa kwekudyara uye kushandiswa, zvichiita kuti hupfumi husina simba uye kuderera kwekukura kwemari yemunhu.Muchikamu chekutanga cha2023, GDP yeGermany yakaderera ne0.2% gore negore, nepo GDP yeUK neFrance yakawedzera ne 0.2% chete uye 0.9% gore negore, zvichiteerana.Kukura kwekukura kwakadzikira ne4.3, 10.4, uye 3.6 percent percent kana zvichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana gore rapfuura.Muchikamu chekutanga, mari inoraswa yedzimba dzeGerman yakawedzera ne 4.7% gore negore, muhoro wezita wevashandi vekuBritain wakawedzera ne5.2% gore negore, kuderera kwe4 uye 3.7 percent zvichiteerana. nguva gore rapfuura, uye simba rekutenga remhuri dzeFrance rakadzikira ne0.4% mwedzi pamwedzi.Uye zvakare, maererano neshumo yeBritish Asadal supermarket cheni, 80% yemhuri yeBritish mari inoraswa yakadonha muna Chivabvu, uye 40% yedzimba dzeBritish dzakawira mumamiriro emari asina kunaka.Mari chaiyo haina kukwana kubhadhara mabhiri uye kudya zvinodiwa.
Mutengo wese wakakwira, uye mitengo yevatengi yezvipfeko uye zvigadzirwa zvembatya iri kuchinjika uye ichikwira, ichideredza simba chairo rekutenga.
Zvichikanganiswa nezvinhu zvakaita sekuwandisa kwemari uye kushomeka kwezvekushandisa, nyika dzeEurope dzakatarisana nekunetseka kwakanyanya kweinflation kubva 2022. Kunyangwe eurozone neUK dzagara dzichikwidza mitengo yemubereko kubva 2022 kumisa kukwira kwemitengo, inflation muEU neUK nguva pfupi yadarika yadzika kubva pakakwirira inopfuura gumi muzana muhafu yechipiri ya2022 kusvika pa7% kusvika pa9%, asi ichiri pamusoro peyakajairwa inflation level inosvika 2%.Mitengo yepamusoro yakasimudza zvakanyanya Mutengo wekurarama uye yakamisa kukura kwezvinodiwa nevatengi.Muchikamu chekutanga che2023, kushandiswa kwekupedzisira kwedzimba dzeGermany kwakaderera ne 1% gore negore, asi iyo chaiyo yekushandisa mari yeBritish mhuri haina kuwedzera;Kushandiswa kwekupedzisira kwemhuri dzeFrance kwakadzikira ne 0.1% mwedzi pamwedzi, nepo huwandu hwemashandisiro emunhu mushure mekusasanganisa mutengo wakaderera ne0.6% mwedzi pamwedzi.
Kubva pakuona kwemitengo yezvipfeko, France, Germany, neUnited Kingdom hazvina kungodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma nekurerutsa kwe inflation pressure, asi zvakaratidzawo kushanduka kuri kukwira.Kutarisana nemamiriro ekukura kwemari yemba yakashata, mitengo yakakwira ine inhibitory mhedzisiro pakushandiswa kwembatya.Muchikamu chekutanga cha2023, kushandiswa kwembatya dzemba neshangu muGermany kwakawedzera ne0.9% gore negore, ukuwo kuFrance neUK, kushandiswa kwembatya dzemba neshangu kwakadzikira ne0.4% uye 3.8% gore negore. , nehuwandu hwekukura hunowira ne48.4, 6.2, uye 27.4 muzana yezvikamu zvakateerana zvichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana gore rapera.Muna Kurume 2023, kutengesa kwekutengesa kwezvipfeko zvine chekuita nezvigadzirwa muFrance kwakadzikira ne 0.1% gore negore, asi muna Kubvumbi, kutengesa kwekutengesa kwezvipfeko zvine chekuita nezvigadzirwa muGermany kwakaderera ne8,7% gore negore;Mumwedzi mina yekutanga, kutengesa kwekutengesa kwezvipfeko zvine chekuita nezvigadzirwa muUK kwakawedzera ne13,4% gore negore, kuderera ne45,3 muzana yezvikamu zvichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana gore rapfuura.Kana kuwedzera kwemitengo kusingabatanidzwe, iko kutengesa chaiko kwekutengesa kuri zero kukura.
Import mamiriro ekuongorora
Parizvino, huwandu hwemachira uye zvipfeko zvekunze muEU hwawedzera, ukuwo kunze kwenyika kwadzikira.
Huwandu hwemusika wekushandisa weEU machira uye zvigadzirwa zvembatya zvakati kurei, uye nekuda kwekudzikiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kweEU yakazvimirira yekupihwa mumachira nezvipfeko, kunze kwenyika inzira yakakosha yekuti EU isangane nezvinodiwa nevatengi.Muna 1999, chikamu chekunze kwekunze kune yakazara EU machira uye zvipfeko zvekunze zvaive zvisingasviki hafu, chete 41,8%.Kubva panguva iyo, chikamu chave chichiwedzera gore negore, kudarika 50% kubvira 2010, kusvikira yadzokera zvakare pasi pe50% zvakare muna 2021. Kubva 2016, EU yakatumira kunze kwe $ 100 mabhiriyoni emucheka uye zvipfeko kubva kunze gore negore. ine kukosha kwekunze kwemadhora 153.9 bhiriyoni muna 2022.
Kubva 2023, kudiwa kwemachira uye zvipfeko kubva kunze kweEU kwakadzikira, ukuwo kutengeserana kwemukati kwakaramba kuchikura.Muchikamu chekutanga, mari inosvika 33 bhiriyoni yemadhora ekuAmerica yakatengwa kubva kunze, gore negore kuderera kwe7,9%, uye chikamu chakaderera kusvika ku46,8%;Iko kukosha kwekunze kwemachira uye zvipfeko mukati meEU yaive 37.5 bhiriyoni US madhora, kuwedzera kwe6.9% gore-pagore.Kubva munyika nenyika, muchikamu chekutanga, Germany neFrance dzakapinza micheka nembatya kubva mukati meEU dzakawedzera ne3.7% uye 10.3% zvichiteerana gore negore, ukuwo kutengeswa kwembatya nembatya kubva kunze kweEU kwakadzikira ne0.3 % uye 9.9% zvichiteerana gore negore.
Kudzikira kwekutenga micheka nembatya kubva kuEuropean Union muUK kudiki pane zvinotengwa kunze kweEU.
Kutengwa kwemiti nembatya kweBritain kunonyanya kutengeswa nekunze kweEU.Muna 2022, UK yakaunza 27.61 bhiriyoni mapaundi emachira uye zvipfeko, izvo chete 32% zvakatengeswa kubva kuEU, uye 68% zvakatengeswa kubva kunze kweEU, zvishoma zvishoma kudarika nhamba yepamusoro ye70.5% muna 2010. Kubva iyo data, Brexit haina kukanganisa zvakanyanya pakutengesa machira uye zvipfeko pakati peUK neEU.
Kubva munaNdira kusvika Kubvumbi 2023, iyo UK yakaunza 7.16 bhiriyoni mapaundi emachira uye zvipfeko, izvo huwandu hwemachira uye zvipfeko zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuEU zvakaderera ne4,7% gore negore, huwandu hwemicheka nezvipfeko zvinotengeswa kubva kunze kwenyika. kunze kweEU kwakadzikira ne14.5% gore negore, uye chikamu chezvinotengeswa kunze kweEU chakadererawo ne3.8 percent gore negore kusvika pa63.5%.
Mumakore achangopfuura, chikamu cheChina muEU neUK misika yemachira uye zvipfeko kunze kwenyika chave kuderera gore negore.
Gore ra2020 risati rasvika, chikamu cheChina mumusika weEU machira uye musika wembatya wakasvika pamusoro pe42.5% muna 2010, uye kubva zvadzikira gore negore, zvichidzika kusvika pa31.1% muna 2019. yeEuropean Union masks, zvipfeko zvekudzivirira uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa.Kupinza kukuru kwemidziyo yekudzivirira denda kwakasimudza chikamu cheChina mumusika weEU machira uye zvipfeko kunze kwenyika kusvika pa42.7%.Nekudaro, kubva ipapo, sezvo kudiwa kwezvinhu zvekudzivirira denda kwadzikira kubva pakakwirira, uye mamiriro ekutengeserana epasi rose awedzera kuoma, chikamu chemusika chemicheka nembatya zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika neChina muEuropean Union chadzokera kune yakadzika nzira, ichisvika. 32.3% muna 2022. Nepo chikamu chemusika cheChina chadzikira, chikamu chemusika chenyika nhatu dzeSouth Asia dzakaita seBangladesh, India, nePakistan chakawedzera zvakanyanya.Muna 2010, zvigadzirwa zvemachira nezvipfeko zvenyika nhatu dzeSouth Asia zvakangoita 18.5% chete yemusika weEU, uye chikamu ichi chakawedzera kusvika 26.7% muna 2022.
Kubva pakatanga kushanda iyo inonzi "Xinjiang Related Act" muUnited States, nharaunda yekutengeserana kune dzimwe nyika yeindasitiri yemachira yekuChina yave yakaoma uye yakaoma.MunaGunyana 2022, European Commission yakapasisa inonzi "Forced Labor Ban" dhizaini, ichikurudzira kuti EU itore matanho ekurambidza kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa kuburikidza nekumanikidzwa kushanda mumusika weEU.Kunyangwe EU isati yazivisa kufambira mberi uye zuva rekushanda kwegwaro, vatengi vazhinji vakagadzirisa uye vakadzikisa chiyero chavo chekupinza kunze kuti vadzivise njodzi, zvisina kunanga zvichikurudzira mabhizinesi eChinese machira kuti awedzere kugadzirwa kwekunze, zvichikanganisa chiyero chekutengesa kunze kwezvipfeko zveChinese uye. zvipfeko.
Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Kubvumbi 2023, chikamu chemusika cheChina mune machira uye mbatya kubva kunze kwenyika kubva kuEuropean Union chaingova 26.9%, kuderera kwe4.1 muzana zvichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana gore rapfuura, uye chikamu chose chenyika nhatu dzeSouth Asia chakapfuura 2.3 muzana. points.Kubva pamaonero enyika, chikamu cheChina mumisika yekupinza machira nembatya yeFrance neGermany, nyika dziri nhengo huru dzeEuropean Union, chadzikira, uye chikamu chayo mumusika wekunze weUK charatidzawo maitiro akafanana.Kubva muna Ndira kusvika Kubvumbi 2023, chikamu chemicheka uye zvipfeko zvakatengeswa kunze neChina mumisika yekunze yeFrance, Germany, neUK yaive 27.5%, 23.5%, uye 26.6%, zvichiteerana, kudzikira kwe4.6, 4.6, uye 4.1 muzana. mapoinzi zvichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana gore rapfuura.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-17-2023